Notes on the Filioque Clause Controversy
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Description: An essay on the development of this dispute.
THE FILIOQUE CLAUSE This essay is an Appendix to the essay called CREED NICENE. It deals with one particular line of the Nicene Creed. The Creed as formulated at Nicea in 325 ended with the words * And we believe in the Holy Spirit. When the Council of Constantinople met in 381, it officially adopted an expanded version, the Creed (without the FILIOQUE) as we have it today. This expanded version is in fact older than 381. It was the Baptismal Creed of the Church of Salamis, on the island of Cyprus, and is quoted by St. Epiphanius of Salamis in 374 in his ANKROTOS (see below). It was apparently a reworking of the Baptismal Creed of the Church of Jerusalem, which in turn was a reworking of the Nicene Creed. The portion of the expanded Creed that here concerns us reads as follows: * We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, * who proceeds from the Father [and the Son]. * With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. * He has spoken through the Prophets. I propose to discuss in this Appendix 1) the meaning of the Doctrine of the Dual Procession, and some arguments for and against its truth, 2) the history of belief in the Doctrine, 3) the history of the insertion of the FILIOQUE clause into the Nicene Creed in the West. ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DUAL PROCESSION OF THE SPIRIT Eastern Christians, in my experience, are accustomed to give the following arguments against the "Filioque". ARGUMENT (1): The Holy Scriptures state that the Spirit proceeds from the Father. Our Lord Jesus Christ, on the night before He suffered, said to His apostles (John 15:26 RSV): + But when the Counsellor comes, + whom I shall send to you from the Father, + even the Spirit of truth, + who proceeds from the Father, + he will bear witness to me. To this a Western Christian might reply as follows: The Scriptures also say (John 20:212f RSV): + Jesus said to them again, "Peace be unto you. + As the Father has sent me, even so send I you." + And when he had said this, he breathed on them + and said t
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