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Percy Lavon Julian

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Description: National Academy of Science profile of this NAS member and his work.
, a chemist elected to Academy membership in 1973, was noted for having synthesized and identified physostigmine, a drug used to treat glaucoma, to improve memory in Alzheimer's patients, and as an antidote to nerve gas. He also devised a way of filtering the chemicals in soybean oil to allow quantity production of hormones for medical applications. Julian was born in Montgomery Alabama, the grandson of a slave. He earned his undergraduate degree in chemistry from DePauw University, after which he became an instructor at Fisk University. After Fisk, Julian obtained a master's degree in chemistry from Harvard, and his Ph.D. in 1931 from the University of Vienna, Austria. It was after his return to DePauw in 1933 that Julian conducted the research that led to the synthesis of physostigmine. Julian left DePauw in 1936 to become director of research of the Soya Products Division of the Glidden Company in Chicago. An enterpreneur as well as a scientist, in 1953 he founded Julian Laboratories and later Julian Associates, Inc. and the Julian Research Institute. Over the course of his career he acquired over 115 patents, including one for a fire-extinguishing foam that was used on oil and gasoline fires during World War II.
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activated: 07-Dec-1990
last updated: 25-Jul-2013
expires: 31-Jul-2014