Apicomplex
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Description: Information from MicrobeWiki on this phylum of parasites, their description and significance, genome structure, cell structure, metabolism and ecology.
From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource Babesia; Leucocytozoon; Plasmodium, Sarcocystis Apicomplexa is a phylum made up almost entirely of parasites. Apicomplexans are distinguished by their unique method of entering host cells. Apicomplexan parasites cause a number of serious illnesses, such as babesiosis in dogs and cattle, leucocytozoonosis in birds, and most significantly malaria in humans. They are grouped with dinoflagellates and ciliates to make up the Alveolata, a higher order whose most common shared characteristic is the cortical alveolae, flattened vesicle-like structures which are found just under the plasma membrane. Unlike their Alveolate relations, however, Apicomplexans have undergone degenerative evolution, losing all flagella and cilia. Their unique characteristic, the product of past endosymbiosis, is the apical complex, a group of secretory organelles, in particular the apicoplast, which enable the parasitic cells to invade the host cell.
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